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China has learned that heavy integration is the way to go. Take for example BYD, from electric vehicles to batteries to semiconductors. The end goal is never lost from sight.

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Nice piece @Mary Hui. China’s advantage is scale and this is underappreciated in the West. The synergy between production and innovation has been forgotten.

Building a few prototypes of something is relatively easy, mass production is an order of magnitude more difficult. But if one can produce something in mass, one can improve it rapidly and leap ahead of everyone else.

This is what China has done with electric buses. While the rest of the world fiddles with a few dozen buggy buses and complains about their reliability, China has been producing them in bulk for 10 years. During that production, the faults and flaws are identified and rectified.

China is doing the same with EVs and soon computer chips. The very act of producing them enables innovation to speed ahead.

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Thank you. Very well put.

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